20-foot Dry Van
- Cargo volume/weight: 33 м3 / 25 t
- Tare weight: 2 - 2.3 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 6 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.35 / 5.9 / 2.39 m
40-foot Dry Van
- Cargo volume/weight: 67 м3/ 26-27 t
- Tare weight: 3.7 - 3.9 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 12.19 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.35 / 12 / 2.39 m
40-foot High Cube
- Cargo volume / weight: 76 m3 / 26-27 t
- Tare weight: 3.9 - 4 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 12.19 / 2.89 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.35 / 12 / 2.69 m
45-foot High Cube
- Cargo volume / weight: 85 m3 / 28 t
- Tare weight: 4.1 - 4.5 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 13.7 / 2.89 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.35 / 13.5 / 2.69 m
20-foot Reefer
- Cargo volume / weight: 28 m3 / 21-22 t
- Tare weight: 2.5 - 3.2 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 6 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.28 / 5.4 / 2.28 m
40-foot Reefer High Cube
- Cargo volume / weight: 66 m3 / 26-27 t
- Tare weight: 4.2 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 12.19 / 2.89 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.28 / 11.55 / 2.5 m
20-foot Open Top
- Cargo volume / weight: 32 m3 / 21-22 t
- Tare weight: 2.2 - 2.4 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 6 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.3 / 5.9 / 2.35 m
40-foot Open Top
- Cargo volume / weight: 66 m3 / 26-27 t
- Tare weight: 3.8 - 4.4 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 12.19 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.35 / 12 / 2.35 m
20-foot Flat Rack
- Cargo volume/weight: 28 t
- Tare weight: 3 tons
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 6 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.2 / 5.7 / 2.17-2.2 m
40-foot Flat Rack
- Cargo volume/weight: 40 t
- Tare weight: 5.5 t
- External dimensions (w/d/h): 2.43 / 12.19 / 2.59 m
- Internal dimensions (w/d/h): 2.2 / 12 / 2 m
Incoterms – (English: Incoterms, International commerce terms) – international rules in dictionary format that provide unambiguous interpretations of the most widely used trade terms in the field of foreign trade, primarily regarding free – the place of transfer of responsibility from the seller to the buyer. International trade terms are standard terms of international sales contracts, which are defined in advance in an internationally recognized document.
The following terms are most often used in maritime container transportation:
FOB (FREE ON BOARD)
Means that all costs of delivery and loading of the goods onto the ship (aircraft) are paid by the seller and are included in the cost of the goods; transportation costs, including cargo insurance, taxes and duties, are paid by the buyer and are not included in the cost of the goods.
CFR (COST AND FREIGHT)
Means that the seller pays all costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, but the risk of loss or damage and the risk of additional costs incurred after the goods have been loaded on board the ship passes from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass over the ship’s rail at the port of shipment. This term can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport and imposes on the seller the obligation to clear the exported goods for customs.
CIF (COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT)
Means that all transportation costs to the destination, including cargo insurance, taxes and duties, are borne by the seller and included in the cost of the goods.
EXW (EX WORKS - "FROM THE PLACE OF WORK") "FRANCO-ZAVOD"
Means that the seller transfers the goods to the buyer at his company and is responsible for loading, payment of duties, etc. (Minimum obligations for the seller) you can say “self-delivery”
When you are in the business of moving goods, one of the first things you need to understand is the use and importance of pallets (also known as pallets). Pallets are flat structures used in supply chains to hold goods in place while they are being lifted by forklifts, pallet trucks or other lifting devices. They are crucial in simplifying the loading and unloading process, whether in a warehouse, on a delivery truck or in a shipping container.
Among the various types of pallets, the most common materials are wood and plastic. The type of material chosen depends on a variety of factors, including the requirements for the goods being transported, the load capacity and the cost.
Wooden Pallets vs. Plastic Pallets
Wooden pallets are often used because of their cost-effectiveness and availability. They have a high load capacity and can easily move heavy loads, making them an integral part of the logistics sector. This is the most common type of pallet, and later in this article you will find the dimensions of wooden pallets.
On the other hand, plastic pallets, made of recycled or virgin plastic, are gaining popularity. They are the preferred choice for the chemical industry, as they are resistant to acids, fats, solvents and odors. In addition, plastic pallets are easy to disinfect, making them ideal for use in industries with strict sanitary regulations. The dimensions of a plastic pallet are usually the same as those of a wooden one. Therefore, the table of standard pallet sizes in the following section will be relevant.
Although plastic pallets can be more expensive than wooden ones, their durability, reusability and ease of maintenance make them a viable choice for long-term use.
Standard pallet sizes and their dimensions
When it comes to standard pallet sizes, there are universal standards set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO pallets are designed to fit into ISO containers used for international shipping, making them indispensable in facilitating international trade. In addition, there are many non-standard pallet sizes, some of which have become quite common.
Euro Pallet Size and Height
The most common pallet size, often referred to as the standard pallet size, is the ISO Euro Pallet, or Euro Pallet. This pallet measures 120×80 cm, has a maximum loading height of typically 220 cm or approximately 87 inches, and is widely used in Europe and South Africa. Its popularity stems from the fact that it optimizes space in standard containers, minimizing the need for additional space and maximizing efficiency.
Another common type of pallet used in different regions is the industrial pallet or EUR2 pallet, measuring 100×120 cm. This is the most common pallet size in the UK, but it is also widely used in the rest of Europe, Asia, India and South America, as well as in international trade between many regions.
American Pallet Sizes
In North America, the standard pallet size is slightly larger: 48 x 40 inches (dimensions in cm: 121.9×101.6). This American pallet is ideal for standard trailers and rail cars.
Oversized, Half and Quarter Pallets
In addition to the standard sizes, you will also find oversized, half and quarter pallets. The size is often chosen depending on the type and volume of goods being transported, the available storage and transportation space, and the specifications of the loading equipment.
In the following tables you will find the different pallet sizes in cm and inches.
METRIC SYSTEM: Standard Pallet Sizes and Their Weights
| Name | Dimensions (cm) | Max. weight (kg) |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/EUR 1/ISO1 | 120 x 80 | 1500 |
| EUR 2 (British palette) | 120 x 100 | 1250 |
| EUR 2/EUR 3/FIN/IPL/ISO2 | 100 x 120 | 1500 |
| Palette UPL | 120 x 110 | 1200 |
| HPL (EUR 6 / ISO0) | 60 x 80 | 500 |
| QPL (quarter pallet) | 60 x 40 | 250 |
| Palette PXL | 120 x 120 | 1200 |
| Standard American pallet | 121,9 x 101,6 | 2087 |
| Square American pallet 42″ X 42″ | 106,7 x 106,7 | 1678 |
| Square American pallet 48″ X 48″ | 121,9 x 121,9 | 2087 |
| Standard Australian Pallet | 116,5 x 116,5 | 2000 |
| Standard Asian pallet | 110 x 110 | 1200 |
IMPERIAL SYSTEM: Standard pallet sizes and their weight
| Name | Dimensions (inches) | Max. weight (lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/EUR 1/ISO1 | 47,24 x 31,5 | 3300 |
| EUR 2 (British palette) | 47,24 x 39,37 | 2756 |
| EUR 3/FIN/IPL/ISO2 | 39,37 x 47,24 | 3300 |
| Palette UPL | 48 x 43,3 | 2646 |
| HPL (EUR 6 / ISO0) | 23,62 x 31,5 | 1102 |
| QPL (quarter pallet) | 23,62 x 15,75 | 551 |
| Palette PXL | 47,24 x 47,24 | 2646 |
| Standard American pallet | 48 x 40 | 4600 |
| Square American pallet 42″ X 42″ | 42 x 42 | 3700 |
| Square American pallet 48″ X 48″ | 48 x 48 | 4600 |
| Standard Australian Pallet | 45,9 x 45,9 | 4409 |
| Standard Asian pallet | 43,3 x 43,3 | 2646 |
Most common regions for pallet types
| Name | Regions of use |
|---|---|
| EUR/EUR 1/ISO1 | Europe (most common) |
| EUR 2 (British palette) | Europe (most common in the UK) |
| EUR 3/FIN/IPL/ISO2 | Europe, Asia |
| Palette UPL | Europe |
| HPL (EUR 6 / ISO0) | Europe |
| QPL (quarter pallet) | Europe |
| Palette PXL | Europe |
| Standard American pallet | North America (most common) |
| Square American pallet 42″ X 42″ | North America, Europe, Asia |
| Square American pallet 48″ X 48″ | North America |
| Standard Australian Pallet | Australia |
| Standard Asian pallet | Asia |
Another aspect to consider when choosing a pallet is the number of entry points it offers. Double-sided and four-sided pallets refer to how a forklift or other lifting device can access the pallet. Double-sided pallets can be loaded from two opposite sides, while four-sided pallets can be loaded from all four sides, allowing for greater flexibility in handling and stacking.
Understanding Pallet Loads and Weights
The load capacity of a pallet is an important consideration. It is the maximum weight that a pallet can safely carry. For example, heavy-duty pallets are designed to support heavy loads without breaking or causing safety issues. Load capacities vary depending on the pallet’s design, size, material, and other factors.
Conclusion
Whether you are considering pallet size options for your supply chain or you are a freight forwarder looking for the best type of pallet for your needs, understanding the different pallet sizes, dimensions, and features is fundamental. With the right knowledge, you can make informed decisions that can lead to more efficient systems and potentially lower costs. Remember, the best pallet for your needs will balance requirements, cost, and convenience.
For convenient planning of container transportation, special pallet stacking logistics are used.
The main rule of rational filling of a container is to place the maximum possible number of pallets so that the cargo is not damaged and the permissible load capacity is not exceeded.
Below are diagrams showing pallet placement options in different types of containers.
CONTAINER 20'DV
11 Euro pallets 120 x 80 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
9-10 industrial pallets 120 x 100 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
20'RF CONTAINER - REEFER (COLD STORAGE)
10 Euro pallets 120 x 80 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
9 industrial pallets 120 x 100 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
CONTAINER 40'DV
24-25 Euro pallets 120 x 80 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
20-21 industrial pallets 120 x 100 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
40'RF CONTAINER - REEFER (COLD STORAGE)
23 Euro pallets 120 x 80 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
20 industrial pallets 120 x 100 [cm] in one layer (for goods that do not protrude beyond the contours of the pallet)
